Difficulties Attending College :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Difficulties Attending College Today everyone thinks in order to succeed financially in life they need to have a college education, or at least most of the time this is true. I personally think that despite the many difficulties that a person is faced with they can overcome their troubles somehow, even though sometimes they can not help but think otherwise. I, myself have three different reasons why people find it difficult to stay in college. For one sometimes they still have to keep on working while going to school. Two, they have children. Lastly, there's just not enough time for anything in their life, like they can't mentally or physically handle school and their lifestyle. Take me for example, a college student and a mother of one. I find it hard to successfully attend college and keep a job at the same time. My family and myself, right now, are at the bottom of the barrel. When we moved back from Tennessee, we had to use all the money we had saved. After paying one month and a halt of rent, both phone bills, and the electricity bill, we had to turn around scrape for food and the following months rent, not including our other bills. At first it was too hard. We felt like ends were not meeting, so I had to find a job. So now the way it works at my house is we both split the bills. My fiancà ©e has the really big bills like the rent and the insurance payment while I have the light bill, both phone bills, cable, and the internet bill. We both share the food bill, household items, and clothing. It is essential for me to work to help make ends meet. This is an example of one of the ways some households work. Even though I sometimes have a tough time with s chool I still manage to stay in school. This is one family that needs to have two incomes to make ends meet. The second reason why I think people find it difficult to succeed in college is because of children. For example, children need to go to the doctor's office, or to get shots, or your children are on vacation and you're not. Even when your children get out of school for the day and they are too little to take care of themselves, this is a common problem.

Johannes Brahms symphony no. 4

Johannes Brahms symphony no. 4, opus 98, is a masterpiece that stays in the annals of history of music and the history of symphony. Completed in the 19-th century, it had such glorious predecessors as Beethoven’s symphonies. Therefore, in the times of Brahms, the symphony was considered the proper of great Beethoven and anybody who had courage to compose in this genre would inevitably face the possibility to be compared with Beethoven.Johannes Brahms worried that he was not worthy of the musical tradition set by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. One of the most unfortunate effects of his lack of confidence was expressed in an unwillingness to compose a symphony because he was afraid of being compared unfavourably to those masters, waiting until he was 43 years old to complete his First Symphony. However, once he had completed that initial symphony, he quickly adapted to the form, producing his remaining three symphonies in the space of only nine years.Each seemed to be more succes sful than its predecessors were; each introduced more depth and innovation from the most complex of the 19-th century composers. Just as Brahms's First and Second symphonies appeared in rapid succession as a contrasting pair, so did the Third and Fourth. The Third was finished in the summer of 1883 and the Fourth was begun the following summer. The first mention of the Fourth Symphony is in a letter dated 19 August 1884 from Brahms to his publisher, Fritz Simrock; the work was completed about a year later at Miirzzuschlag in Styria.In October 1885 Brahms and Ignaz Briill gave a two-piano reading of it for a small group of friends including the critic Eduard Hanslick, the surgeon Theodor Billroth, and the historian and Haydn scholar C. F. Pohl. Brahms conducted the first orchestral performance at Meiningen on 25 October 1885 . It is very interesting to observe Brahms's progress as a symphonist. He lived in the time of romanticism in music, when considerations of form gave place to su bjective expression. F.Liszt was then creating his symphonic poems and R. Wagner produced his amazing music dramas – all works strongly colored by literary and poetic ideas, and by a very personal attitude on the part of the composer. Brahms, in his First symphony, if not an outright romanticist, is yet â€Å"romantic† in his attitude, just as Beethoven in his Fifth symphony. Later we see Brahms's progression backward – from the â€Å"romantic† to the â€Å"classic† stress. The Fourth symphony is a pure classic masterpiece.However, the symphony is not only a work of design; it has a subjective undercurrent behind itself. It is perhaps significant that Brahms, ordinarily certain of himself and his work, had misgivings and questionings about this symphony. Some find the symphony an expression of pessimism. They say that it is bitter, that it drips melancholy like the yew tree, that its thoughts are of death. In fact, by that time Brahms had lost his mother who died of a heart attack. He devoted this symphony to the memory of his mother. But pessimism is not despair.At the time when Brahms wrote this symphony, his thoughts were turning towards his own end which was near, and death must have appeared as it should appear to all of us, as a tender friend and a supreme consoler. Brahms's symphonic work embraces all that is tragic and glorious in his music. There is tragedy even in the most wonderful of these movements, where we hear yearning for things gone beyond recall, but more especially in those where he strives to renew the traditions of the classics and proves splendidly that inherited forms may be filled with new matter .Nevertheless, one may safely predict that those portions of his work which show a master's discipline and noble intention as perhaps the most impressive marks of his character, will not be held in so great and lasting an affection as those where he is wholly himself, and where only his pure and great heart, so full of riches and yet so closely guarded, is heard to beat. He deliberately took a path that led him away from the land of romance to seek the land of Bach and Beethoven with all the ardor of his soul.But the spell of the blue flower was stronger. He fancied that he had eschewed the enchantment, but this was a delusion, for he remained a romantic all his life, a dreamy enthusiast, a deep feeling recluse, who clothed in new magical sounds the voices of rustling woodlands, the radiant eyes of virginal queens, the scattered tones of lost love-songs–all this, and his own life, blessed by sorrows and raptures. It is there that he is irresistible and unforgettable.Where he played the part of â€Å"heir† he had too little to squander, though he won and consolidated precious treasure enough. Only as the eternal youth, as one wrestling and longing and drinking from abundant wellsprings, as one of the beloved fairy-tale princes of music who ever and again awaken to deliver s leeping princesses, did he in truth find the land of Bach and of Beethoven. To many listeners, the Third Symphony might have seemed like the natural goal of Brahms's development as a symphonist because it combined the simple characters of folksong and romantic.It added an intense instrumental idiom and deep sense of coherence and overall structure, resolving its tensions at the close in a manner increasingly characteristic of the expression of his most profound songs. Yet any such impression would soon have been dispelled by the symphony, which followed shortly after in 1885, for here he recalls the wealth of ideas, which characterize the Second Symphony and the earnestness, and sense of structural culmination of the First Symphony. Yet here the drama is of a different kind.It is not the classic nineteenth-century struggle from minor to major, in Brahms's case full of romantic symbols in its final stages, but rather an abstract drama, which reaches its climax through the sheer intel lectual rigor and energy of its finale rather than through any conventional symbols. It ends securely in the key in which it began, E minor. And if the Third Symphony had gained something of the personal quality of its opening from the memories of Schubert and Schumann, this goes back to memories of Beethoven and Bach.For, not only does the finale take Bach as its starting point, but the first movement takes Beethoven. As has been noted, the first subject clearly draws on the slow movement of the ‘Hammerklavier' Sonata (bars 78-86) where an identical outline appears as a consequence of the evolving influence of the interval of the third. Yet it comes through an entirely Brahms’ mediation. The setting is very close to the somber opening in which he was soon to place the first of the Motets op.110, the same key and broad shape expressing the text ‘Ich aber bin elend' – ‘But Lord, I am wretched'. Yet the symphony's is a more animated, complex type of exp ression whose distinctive two-note phrasing actually finds its closest parallel in a piece in total stylistic contrast to the motet -the Waltz in D minor, op. 39 no. 9. From this very personal stylistic chemistry, Brahms builds a movement and a work whose lofty style is closest to the Tragic Overture, a greater example of the ‘sublime style' noted in the great choral works with orchestra.And from them it takes much of its orchestral character, especially the fullness of Brahms' scoring, and the telling use of the flute, especially at bar 128 of the finale – surely a Grecian symbol. While Brahms has long since parted company with the storm and stress of the First symphony, the accents of the Fourth are in the highest degree charged with the resignation and the profound understanding that his own earnest nature and the passage of the years had brought him, and the nobility that existed under his crusty exterior.In viewing the work as a whole, its background again provides a key to its special nature and sense of direction. Indeed, it may well reveal the reverse case to that of the First Symphony, for even if it seems clear that it was the resolution of the first movement's implications that provided the compositional problem of the earlier work, it appears likely that the finale was here the starting point and thus determinant of the work's structural nature. And even if other ideas existed at this earlier stage, the special nature of the finale provided the dominant focus for their working and shape.Much of the Fourth symphony is melancholy and lamentful, but it is relieved by the consolatory beatitude of the andante and the elevating stateliness of the conclusion. The austerity with which the composer has been reproached—in many instances unjustly—is here pronounced. The solidity of the structure may be admired, but the structure itself is granitic and unrelieved. The symphony has not the epic grandeur of the first, the geniality of the second, the wealth of varied beauty that distinguishes the third.Although the precise date is not known, Brahms had shown interest in the chaconne bass of the finale of Bach's Cantata No. 150 â€Å"Nach Dir, Herr Verlanget mich† some time before the symphony's appearance. The conductor Siegfried Ochs recalls him demonstrating to Hans von Bulow the structure of the Bach movement, to which von Bulow responded coolly, arguing that it needed more than voices. Brahms agreed, commenting: â€Å"What would you say to a symphonic movement written on this theme one day? But it is too lumpish, too straightforward. It would have to be chromatically altered in some way.† Just how the alteration was effected is clear from the work, where Brahms extends the model from its five-bar length to eight bars, substituting equal dotted minims for its minim-crotchet pattern and creating a climax in the chromatic alteration of A sharp. Now it appears as leading note to the dominant, B. But how the work as a whole stood in his mind at this earlier stage is not clear. Brahms was aware of the possibility that a variation finale can be assumed from the model of Beethoven, and the St Antoni Variations had already presented a basso ostinato variation finale.Yet the precise nature of a finale, which reflected both stimuli – that of a symphonic design in a harmonically restricted form – must have occupied him for long before a solution became clear. In considering the problems, Brahms drew on a considerable knowledge of the form of the chaconne and passacaglia, as has earlier been shown. In the actual period of the work's completion, he acknowledged special interest in the Organ Passacaglia in G minor by Georg Muffat, describing it to Elizabeth von Herzogenberg in 1883 as very fine and acknowledging possession of a copy.His work on the Couperin Edition for Chrysander also gave him an acquaintance with an example from the very different tradition of the French c lavecinists through the form of the Rondeau Passacaille. But the movement for which he had the deepest feeling was the Bach Chaconne for unaccompanied violin. He wrote to Clara Schumann, to whom the arrangement for the piano, left hand, was dedicated, in the following terms: For me the Chaconne is one of the most incredible pieces of music. Using a single system for a little instrument, the man writes a whole world of the deepest and most powerful expression.If I ask myself if I had written this piece – been able to conceive it – I know for certain the emotions excited would have driven me mad. If one does not have a great violinist at hand, the most exquisite of joys is surely simply to let the Chaconne ring in one's mind. But the piece certainly entices one to occupy oneself with it somehow. From this, he concludes that the only comparable experience is to play it with the parallel restrictions of left hand alone. It seems interesting that in referring to the other w ays of imagining the work recreated he mentions the orchestra.It is not difficult to see the manner and structure of this Chaconne, which he knew so intimately, mixing with his transformation of the Bach cantata bass to provide the foundations of a movement through which both vocal and instrumental limitations are transcended in his most powerful variation structure. Heinrich Reimann gives a short description of the symphony: â€Å"A theme of the second movement constantly returns in varied form, from which the chief theme, the staccato figure given to the wind, and the melodious song of the violoncellos are derived.The third movement, allegro giocoso, sports with old-fashioned harmonies, which should not be taken too seriously† . Seen against the background of Brahms's earlier variations, this movement is unique in its observation of a clear A B A – Coda form. The contrast is provided by changes in dynamics, frequently in mode, and partly in meter. The return of the o pening introduces variation both thematically and in the scope of harmonic movement within the tight restriction of the model, taken even further in the coda.All the previous variations are continuous, though the contrast of mode to major is established from the Variation on an Original Theme. The Bach Chaconne therefore assumes great interest in its adoption of a ternary outline through contrast of mode, in its variation of harmony at the reprise (though the theme is not recalled) and in its length – both movements building to thirty variations from an eight-bar model. The form of the Chaconne is also crucial to understanding Brahms's harmonic methods.Although elements of passacaglia are used in this movement – that is of a repeated ground bass ostinato – the chief spirit of the movement is that of harmonic retention, from which the composer can dramatically move for effect. The model is compounded of Bach's bass in modified form as upper part with a Brahmsâ₠¬â„¢ bass in which descending thirds are prominent. This provides the model for the first four variations and the background to the reprise, with its increasingly free harmonic working until Brahms breaks completely away from the previous patterns in the coda, loosening the original phrasing.The intervening harmony is built either on the ground (variations 4-11, 14-16), or on pedal variants, as in the central part, variations 12-13. Thus, as in earlier variation movements, there are two harmonic models with other freer types, though it is the first, with the theme in the upper part, which has the role of articulating the large structure. This represents, therefore, a considerably more complex form than its immediate predecessor, the ostinato variations of the St Antoni Variations.In fact, Brahms brings to fulfillment the inherent influence of the chaconne, noted as early as the variations of the B flat Sextet though with the added aspect of the passacaglia reflected in the Second Se renade and the St Antoni Variations, together with the outline of sonata form. It is the latter aspect that creates the variation of the reprise, since development cannot be used in the subdued central section. Clearly, such a distinctive structure could not have provided the symphonic climax without intimate relations with the other movements.The observation of the contrapuntal connection between the descending thirds of variation 30 and the first subject of the first movement is only one of many which could be made, for this work is perhaps more subtly and comprehensively integrated than any other. Not only are thirds omnipresent in the work's thematic material – as in the bass of the model – but many other links exist, including the anticipation of the ground in the first subject (bars 9-15). Most impressive, however, is the special harmonic language of the work, which is drawn from the harmony of the model.Both plagal and Phrygian progressions contribute further to the deeply archaic quality of much of the music. For example, the first subject is built on plagal progressions and the movement ends with a very impressive plagal cadence enhanced by pedal. The harmonic language of the second movement is even more special in its modal associations, as will be shown. All these features serve to support the more obvious surface function of variation. For the principle of successive variation, which dominates the finale also, soaks the work as a whole.The links are clearest in the first movement for two principal reasons: the structure of the movement as a whole and, directly related to it, the nature of the first subject. Brahms's tendency to recall the opening material after the recapitulation where no repeat is incorporated finds a particularly plain expression in this movement, which brings an approach associated with finales – those of the First and Third Symphonies and of the Piano Quintet into the context of a symphonic first movement.Y et the method is here different, for this is no conflated development/recapitulation structure, but rather a modification of the conventional scheme, since the recapitulation follows the third tonic statement of the idea at bar 246. The special form arises from the special nature of the main subject itself, a lyric paragraph whose essential sixteen bar structure is extended by internal variation to create a sectional impression – the sense of a model which demands repetition in a way quite unlike the main subjects of the other symphonies. Thus, the movement assumes a variation-aspect at two levels.Viewed most broadly, it falls into three sections, closely related by their presentation of the same passage. Although the third statement is made more elusive by the recall of its opening phrases in augmentation, linked by figuration in the strings, the overall effect is clear when the theme resumes at bar 246. As far as the sections themselves are concerned, they also appear stron gly variational through the immediate repetition of the first theme, that of the development offering an alternative to that of the exposition, bars 145-152 comparing with bars 1-7.Thus, Brahms draws on his earlier tendency to construct the transition by variation of the first subject (compare with the Second Symphony) into a much broader context. In the sections of passing variation, which have become so characteristic, although never with the clarity and deep thematicism of, for example, bars 80-6 or 95-8, the development draws so often on variation that it directly recalls the finale.Thus, after the varied repeat of the opening of the development, bars 169-84 present another section of clear variational identity, here through motive variation of the preceding bars treated in a stretto which quickly removes the sense of accentual identity, offering yet a further example of how Brahms learned from Beethoven the art of displacing the beat through the relentless repetition of a simpl e figure. This passage is complemented at bar 192 by a more direct variation of the opening subject, the section again alternating with the marcato figure of the transition, which serves to direct and articulate the music's progress.At bar 119, the finale is even more clearly foreshadowed, mediating between the variation and the work's first subject, which it clearly outlines, drawing particularly on the original flute parts to ensure connection. In turn, the following passage from bar 237 varies the following bars, focusing on a one-bar figure, whilst recalling the color-contrast of the variations, which lead to the reprise of the finale. It is inherent in such a structure that radical alterations of the recapitulation would have disturbed the variational relationship of the first three parts.Rather, as in the finale, it is the coda, which exhibits the development quality with the most rapid modulations and intense treatment of ideas. Yet variation remains the chief model. The powe rful statement of the first subject at bar 394 is remarkable in its transformation. The theme appears in canon between the outer parts, actually retaining its identity for far longer than the ear might suggest (14 bars in all) before a bridge to an intense treatment of the transition idea of bar 414.This remarkable intensity is achieved through a use of stretto, in which Brahms seems to press to extremes the possible relationship between the harmonies permissible in his style and the logic of the contrapuntal movement, a quality that he shared to a remarkable degree with Mozart. In a period, which includes some of Brahms's most powerful first-movement codas, this is surely the most impressive in its nature and its structural function. Of the impressive central movements with which Brahms completes his overall scheme, the second relates most clearly to the principles outlined.Indeed, its leisurely first section from bar 5 parallels that of the first in its relation to earlier works. An eight-bar theme of the simplest phrasing returns after a nine-bar digression to complete an exposition in simple A B A form. The following transition proceeds again by simple variation to establish, through ideas, which relate to the parallel part of the first movement. The dominant of B for the second subject, after which there is a further variation of the first theme with descending wind figures reflects the first subject of the work and strings employ pizzicato.Bar 74 initiates an imitative development very much in the spirit of that of the finale of op. 18, after which the second subject completes the conflated scheme: 1 – tr 2 – 1 – dev – 2 – coda. Yet its straightforwardness comes into a completely different perspective when set in its harmonic context. It can be seen as perhaps the boldest and most far-reaching of Brahms's experiments with modal effects. For, the opening partly suggests a tonic C despite the preceding cadence, one interp rets the unison opening as rooted in the lower mediant of E minor.Yet at the end of the phrase, Brahms turns the closing E into the tonic of a modified sonata movement, which makes a conventional contrast (though now unusual for Brahms) with the dominant, B, for its second subject. Such an opening must have a consequence in a Brahms’ movement and the key of C returns in the closing bars as an alternate harmonization of the opening theme in succession to the chromatic harmonization of the theme in E. Thus, Brahms juxtaposes the keys of E and C through a common theme.The ‘framing' effect of the C tonality and its final resolution is evident. Whilst this passage can be seen as simply one of effect, the suggestion of a Phrygian tonality, it may also be seen in more far-reaching terms. For, unlike the other authentic modes, the dominant of the Phrygian is not on B, but on C, since it cannot form a perfect fifth from B to F sharp. Thus, though Brahms may well begin with a mer e ‘effect', the harmonic implications are readily grasped and he, though very briefly, actually contrives to close with a Phrygian aspect.The Austrian theorist Heinrich Schenker once stated that the capacity to write in the modes lay even beyond a genius like Beethoven, that the Lydian movement of op. 132 simply used modern tonality to suggest a mode through the omission of any B flat and other means. Is it not possible that Brahms's deep interest in the issue led him to go a little further in the attempt to unite modern tonality and the principles of modality in one movement? After such tonal stress, the key of the third movement appears inevitable.Yet in its manner, the movement stands in strong contrast to the parallel movements of the later works. As is often pointed out, Brahms avoids the scherzo-substitutes of his maturity for a scherzo of an individual nature -not a 6/8, but a driving 2/4 movement. Yet its character is surely not without precedent. Just as Brahms had dr awn on the ‘Hammerklavier' Sonata as the starting point for a reinterpretation of a powerful idea, so the deep historical background to this work leads him to draw on the second movement of the late Piano Sonata in A flat op.110 whose thematic outline complements its metrical character in providing his basis. Yet in no other sense does the form relate to tradition, for Brahms constructs a continuous movement, sustained by variation in which the Trio contrast is limited to a very brief passage from bar 178 to bar 198, which simply transforms the character of the opening, to play a part in the broader scheme. And now we are going to make a profound emotional analysis of the symphony.Let us take take the opening. The violins play a melody that starts as a series of two-note sighs, each sigh consisting either of a descending third (for example, B to G) or of the same interval inverted into an ascending sixth (for example, E to C, but going up to the next-highest C rather than down ). Woodwinds echo these figures, but as chords, with the two notes played simultaneously.It is hard for us to think of a lovelier, more inviting opening to a symphony – of course, its familiarity help. Something preparatory, even if it were only two measures of unison B, would help listeners find their way in. This opening is immediately followed by a second statement of the melody, this time in broken octaves and in dialogue between first and second violins, with elaborate decorative material in violas and cellos. This was thought exceedingly difficult to unravel.

The Death Of Osama Bin Laden - 927 Words

I’ve never been so excited to hear about a death in my entire life. Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, Strom Thurmond...all were exhilarating—even invigorating—moments of vengeful macabre. But they pale in comparison to this sublimely blissful event; a single occurrence so focused and meaningful, so desired, so anticipated that the simple mention of it in certain company will bring rapturous cheers and talk of grand plans once refrained but now inevitable. Everyone has prayed for this death. For so many, this single demise will bring life to so much. It is the blood sacrifice upon which all future crops shall thrive. On January 12th, Microsoft killed Internet Explorer 8, 9, and 10. They will no longer support the demon spawns of their†¦show more content†¦Browsers not regularly updated to protect against the endless parade of dystopian bandits poised to destroy your credit are basically a welcome mat into your bank account. If you’re a member of a company or organization still hobbling along on IE8, it’s time to start asking IT some hard questions: Why are we still using antiquated software? Did you know internet browsers are free to download and use? Are you aware of how dangerous the continued use of this browser will be to the security if this company’s proprietary information? Did my call wake you? If this is you, most likely your information technology team will tell you they have browser specific intranet web technologies used by a large population within your company that will no longer work correctly if not opened in IE8. This is IT jargon for, â€Å"I’m in the middle of my sandwich.† Don’t believe it. In the vast majority of cases, applications built to run on web browsers will function on any modern browser, with one exception: the styling. And by styling, we’re talking about things like background image handling, rounded corners, drop shadows, and color gradient support. 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Affect Of The Salem Witch Trials - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 859 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/21 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? The Salem Witch Trials still affects and haunts the American imagination today. When the event occurred in 1692, the colonial authorities has banned any publications that talked about or were related to it. Because they do not want people to spread any rumors that hurt the villages and make people alienated by it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Affect Of The Salem Witch Trials" essay for you Create order After the crisis, Governor Phips wrote a letter to Privy Council and said: put a stop to the Print[ing] of any discourse one way or the other that may increase the needless disputes of people upon this occasion because I saw a likelihood of Kindling an inextinguishable flame. But this event was very popular and especially, it was a good example of mass hysteria so even Governor Phips was trying to stop people writing about it but he could not. Nowadays, the world is developing, human is developing, people get more interest to something weirdly. People like to read about their history, people like venturing weird theories about fungus bread, they like to listen some strange stories, especially that story is a real story. Based on knowledge of Americans appetite, many people were written about the Salem Witch Trials, some makes up it to make it more vivid. One of the most famous books about this event and talk more correct about it is The Witches by Stacy Schiff, this book was helped her got Pulitzer Prize and became one of her best selling. No matter how she wrote the book, no matter how its cover looks, or no matter how it reads. Because it was fit to American appetite, it became popular. The number of published books written about the event is not countable.At the certain time, people look back on the Salem Witch Trials and some books, movies about it and regarded them as a psychoanalyst listing the elements of a patientrs neurosis. This prompted the event to become more interesting and attracted American attention. It becomes a word of mouth story for person to person, with and probably it got some make up on it to make the story more interesting. It made the events got more popular in American community. Also, because itrs an excellent example of how damage hysteria can create. Nowadays , when school teach students about hysteria, they usually use this real event as an example. In addition, it has strong influence to peoplers vision on witchcraft. The reason why The Salem Witch Trials has been teach in every school in both English and History class is because it show many ways of human, it shows human thought, and it reflected discrimination of the society and reli gious fanaticism. The discrimination of the events were two things, one is discrimination between women and men, and one is between upper class and lower class. It showing throughout the evidence that poor and no power people would easily be victims of witchcraft accusations. First three victims were poor people and belong to lower class; two of them were homeless and one was a slave. Beside, most of the victims were women, only one man were died. This event also talked about religious fanaticism, fanaticism in religious happened when someone goes over beyond of strict follow to his or her faith. It occurred in Salem when many died were the result of adherents to religious teachings by harsh behavior. Meanwhile , the reason for McCarthyism has been teach today is more simple than Salem Witch Trials, some schools do not really teach about it in English class, it just an event goes parallel with Salem Witch Trials to show of the contrastive. Two events were helping Americans develop to be strong such as today. Nowadays, Salem become one of the most popular place to visit. Because of that event, the Salem becomes a town to witches practice public, witches meaning here is the people who follow the Wicca religion a religious comes from United Kingdom, Wiccan people believe in nature and usually a God or Goddess, emphasizes a strong connected with earth, they believe that they can take magical from earth. Because of faith in magical, every Wiccan believe that they are witches. Some visited place such as Salem Witch Village make another view of witches. Modern view of witches nowadays is totally different with the view of witches which appear in many centuries ago. They do not worship evil, instead of that they worship cycles of nature as a God. They even have a system called the Witches Education Bureau. When people visit to Salem during October, they will see many people customer witches are walking around streets or many shop in downtown selling magical equipments. People also appreciate that Salem today is a ruler of measurement of development of Amer ica. While people still fighting for their religion in many various in most the rest of the world. The strong development of the diplomat community in Salem is an evidence for freedom religion in America. Both Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism were be more strong. Nothing is useless. Everything got better when it has experienced throughout something. All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make the better. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Bsb113 Economics - 1491 Words

Research Summary Research Summary BSB113 BSB113 Tutor: Thamarasi Kularatne Tutor: Thamarasi Kularatne Student Number: N9138587 Student Number: N9138587 Carson Ly Carson Ly Due Date: September 26 2014 ndjdcjjdjdj2012012222014 Due Date: September 26 2014 ndjdcjjdjdj2012012222014 Smoking is recognised as the largest single preventable cause of death and disease in Australia. It is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, renal disease and eye disease. Tobacco contains the powerfully addictive stimulant nicotine, which can make smoking a regular and long-term habit that is not easy to quit (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Statistics show†¦show more content†¦A price floor is the lowest legal price a commodity can be sold at. Price floors are used by the government to prevent prices from being too low (Taylor, B. 2006). Figure 3 Figure 3 S Price floor Price floor Price Price D Quantity Quantity Q2 Q1 Price floors is a strategy that can be quite useful, with many positives outcomes from it, but also there are a few negative outcomes. The government use price floor to prevent people from buying certain products as frequently and also to decrease certain products demand. Goods such as cigarettes have a price floor, which is why the price for cigarettes will always be above equilibrium, and will only increase in price over the years. This could be considered an advantage and also a disadvantage for some. Price floor has positive outcomes especially for the government and also lowers the death/illness rate caused by smoking. A negative outcomes may affect the suppliers, due to the fact they can no longer set the price for the product, which will cause the quantity supplied to be greater than the quantity demanded, this is known as a surplus (shown in figure 4). Due to the price being constantly above equilibrium, the money that is made may be the same as previously when t he price floor did not exist, or possibly more. Although price floorShow MoreRelatedBrazilian Government Intervention: Acai Berry Essay examples996 Words   |  4 Pagesbe unable to afford acai. Free markets are considered inequitable because of the lack of equality; if the government were to intervene they would promote equity. The Brazilian government could stabilise the economy and lower inflation and promote economic growth (Coglan, 2013, pg312). â€Æ' The export tariff is something that the Brazilian government should consider as a possible solution. By imposing an export tax fewer companies will export acai; preferring the tax free domestic market. This will shift

Information Security Management

Question: Case Study on the "Information Security Management". Answer: Introduction: - According to Disterer (2013), with the extensive developments in the Information Technology field and its widespread implementation in the commercial and the educational fields, there is an essential requirement for the maintenance and management of the security for the information transmission and storage. The information along with the entire information system is the fundamental backbone of the company that is established in Sydney and has satellite branches in three Southeast Asian nations. The organization-specific data, as well as the parallel transmission of the data for the telemedicine healthcare facilities and the virtual classrooms, utilize the openly available networks or the Virtual Private Network. In this case, both the data are vulnerable to some security threats, which can result in the disruption of the telemedicine services and the online or virtual classroom learning processes (Luo and Qin 2015). According to Simonson and Zvacek (2014), the entire concept of the business and the service operations to be followed by the company is based on the use of the Information and communication technology. Both the telemedicine and the virtual learning for the nursing college sector involve the sharing and extensive distribution of information. The information includes operational and sensitive data which need to be secure. The database includes the Electronic Medical Records, the past medical records or confidential consultation records for the healthcare team and the study materials, research results, student details, which are always vulnerable to malicious intrusions and attacks for unauthorized and ill intended activities (Garingo et al. 2012). The records may also sometimes contain sensitive financial information which may succumb to embezzlement or skimming due to lack of security measures. The report successfully points out the areas of attack on the different fields of the company and presents some advanced techniques to counter them effectively. Security Issues in Telemedicine services: - Background of telemedicine technology: - Telemedicine is the advanced technology to provide medical services remotely telehealthcare applications, by the advances in the digitized data. However, the inefficient security management denies its overall success. E-health is the budding public healthcare business, providing remote clinical attention through the Internet by deploying Information and Communication Technology (Kvedar et al. 2014). Figure: - Components of telemedicine Privacy and security issues in Telemedicine: - The administrators and the clients( in need of medical attention) have the utmost right to the privacy of the necessary but confidential information like financial and personal details, for example, SSN, business details, finance-related data etc. As discussed by Eren et al. (2015), a secured database called the Electronic Patient Record is developed with an organized content authentication to ensure the quality, reliability and validity of the data. Telemedicine also requires security and confidentiality concerns for the sharing of files between the healthcare team and the clients (Young and Patel 2015). However, the fundamental security characteristics of Telemedicine are Confidentiality, Availability and Integrity. Besides, there are data storage issues and the means to access these data, because the wireless transfer of data is vulnerable to embezzlement or intrusions. The security issues regulate the extent to which the customer data mining and collection can be performed throughout the heterogeneous data, scattered along the medical fields and databases (Pendergrass et al. 2015). Security Service Descriptions Confidentiality Only the authorized users can access the medical information and multimedia files. Authentication mitigates the disclosure of the shared files to the intruders. Availability This ensures the organized access to the necessary data even in the cases of sudden power cut-offs and malfunctions of hardware/software. Integrity The consolidation of the sent files is ensured by the integrity, or the files are wirelessly transmitted without any loss in the sent information. Authentication The process ensures the security in communicating with the peer node so that an intruder cannot impersonate or fake the node that it intends to communicate. Non-repudiation The source of a sent file cannot oppose its origin and identity Non-impersonating algorithms These ensure that the authorized sources or clients profiles cannot be impersonated for false attacks and replays. Table: - Security requirements in Telemedicine technology Threats and attacks on security and the privacy of data: - The communication is nothing but the organized flow of information from the source to the multiple receptors, mainly through the network, popularly known as the Internet. According to Adhikari et al. (2014), the process of connecting the clients the healthcare team may succumb to data breaches and network threats. The threats to the telemedicine data are mainly active and passive attacks. The active attacks include the modification and fabrication of the medical files and multimedia. The active attacks result in the unauthorized reproduction of false information. Besides, the process of masquerading can modify the contents and retransmit the data to the unintended and unauthorized places. Masquerading is the technique through which, an attacker pretends to be the authorized client to enjoy the services and the privileges that are not assigned to him. The prime platform for a masquerading attack is the weak authentication protocols and algorithms. Masquerading sometimes results in the disclosure of the entire organizations data access to the attacker. Another vital, active attack is the Denial of Service. The DoS attack makes sure that the network or the machine resource is unavailable to the authorized user temporarily or for an indefinite span of time, thus resulting in the suspension of the host services to the healthcare team and the clients in need of remote clini cal attention (Adhikari et al. 2014). The passive attacks are characterized by the skimming and eavesdropping by the attacker. In this case, the attacker keeps track of the system while it does its operations and collects the data and information required, by intercepting the information flow, not necessarily altering the data. The traffic analysis of the data reveals the data patterns to the attackers and the disclosure of the confidential message content is carried out. Figure: - Security attacks in telemedicine technology Information security in the virtual classrooms of the satellite campuses: - Background of virtual classrooms in satellite campuses: - The fundamental design of the virtual classrooms in the distant campuses is shown below. Figure: - Fundamental design of virtual classrooms The security in the virtual classroom design and the e-Learning methods must be developed through the analysis of the network security intrusions and attacks. The prime concern for the secure communications in the virtual classrooms is the satisfaction of the faculty in the satellite campuses and the students in the distant branches of the university. On a fundamental assessment, the system comprises the human resources along with the learning system facilitated by the network and the hardware or software equipment (Ben Arfa Rabai et al. 2012). Security issues in the Virtual Classroom learning: - According to Levy et al. (2013), in the context of the virtual classroom design and functioning, the security and privacy issues and the attacks should be well understood and the respective mitigation techniques must be well ordered in the deployment design. The virtual classrooms network systems are widespread with extensive variety of the resources for the users. The prime areas of the security attacks are the breaches in the access to the selected network, the Malware and the theft of the equipment. However, in this case, the main concentration is on the security issues in the online process of teaching and learning, which is the backbone of the virtual classrooms as well as the other components such as the web access services, the client and server equipment, the database systems and the online classroom services (Miguel et al. 2014). The probable vulnerabilities to affect the distant learning process are the following: - Distributed Denial of Service attack: - In this case, the attacker attempts to lock the server with a relatively higher network speed and as a result, the network card is disrupted and subsequently blocks the legitimate traffic. In this case, the authorized student may lose access to the servers in the midst of an examination or an important lecture. The loss of the access privileges may be temporary or for an indefinite period, according to the extent of disruption of the network card, or the intensity of attack of the attacker. Key Loggers: - The technique called Key Loggers help the students to install and misuse, embezzle or steal the administrator or the faculty authentication information, to log into their accounts and modify or change grades and questions. Search SPAM: - It is almost similar to the DDOS attack. In this case, the intruder or a hacker to be precise infuses innumerable dummy search commands by utilizing words of high frequency. Generally, the prepositions used, into the search engine used by the student or the standard search engine used by the college system. The immediate result of the Search SPAM attack is the unnecessary consumption of the CPU scheduler time by the PHP or JSP page generator engines, the MySQL database servers, and the Apache or Tomcat engine. The other various security concerns for the wireless communication in the virtual classrooms are the following: - Spoofing and alteration of the routing information: - This attack is characterized by the replaying of the routing loops, infiltrate or repel the legit student or teacher traffic, generate false information to the students, increase the latency between the nodes, etc. Selective Forwarding attack: - The malware containing nodes manipulate the forwarding or the sending of files or if required even trash them without the propagation of messages along the network. Sinkhole attacks: - By this attack, the attacker accumulates traffic at a particular area by com promising a particular node. Hello-flood attacks: - The nodes send Hello packets to the neighbor nodes. The adversary forces the bodes to recognize it to be the authorized neighbor through enough adversary power. All the mentioned attacks result in the disruption of the virtual classroom process and the online learning methods (Oseni et al. 2013). The security management issues in the virtual classroom network: - The prime security requirements that should be included in the distant and virtual learning systems are - Security requirements Sub-factor Access administration Authorization Identification of the user Authentication of the identity Availability of information Allocation of resources Expiry of former information Response time Non-repudiation Software consolidation Integrity Personal data integrity Integrity of hardware and software Integrity of data Cardinality Consent and intimation Privacy Aggregation Attributes Encryption keys Confidentiality Anonymous approach Table: - Security Management in Virtual classroom and online learning Recommendation of cloud computing for the entire business, learning and telemedicine operations: - According to Mansuri, et al. (2014), the advantages that are delivered by the cloud computing technology for the University cum healthcare facilities provided by the university are discussed below. Virtual classes and laboratories: - According to Stein et al. (2013), due to the day-by-day increase in the number of faculties, human resources or the students in the distant campuses, the cloud can accommodate for a scalable quantity of virtual equipment by providing the users with remote software versions. Deterioration of the IT machine: - The university may reduce the costs for maintaining the costs of IT equipment which result in the computers becoming outdated and failing to support the advanced versions of the software. However, the Cloud technology may utilize the weak machines as thin clients while the information will be processed on the server networks. Reduction of the software costs: - SaaS provides cheaper software investments. There is no need buy the licenses for the advanced software (Dinh et al. 2013). Data storage and backup: - As argued by Cao et al. (2012), the various materials for the students or healthcare such Electronic Medical Records, lectures, images and videos and the students projects consume excessive disk capacity. The files may be backed up and sent to the Cloud servers that account for the storage and their backup. Load balancing of the servers: - The computing capacities may be rented on need. It helps the health or the education sector to reduce and balance the load on the servers (Patel et al. 2013). Learn anywhere and everywhere: - The students or the healthcare team has access to the working environments 24*7*365 irrespective of the personal devices. Security threats and attacks in Cloud computing: - The vulnerabilities for Cloud computing are discussed in the table below. Vulnerabilities Discussion Layer specification Unlimited resource allocation The inaccurate allocation of the resources may result in excess booking and provisions. Software/ Platform/ Infrastructure Unprotected Application Program Interface The API grants the access to the various services provided by the Cloud technology. So its security depends on the securities of the interfaces. Software/ Platform/ Infrastructure Virtual Machine operations Unregulated resource allocation Vulnerability of the displayed IP addresses across the cloud Unrestricted rollback attack The migration of VMs for fault tolerance and other properties Covert channels in parallel VMs Infrastructure Data vulnerability Data is sometimes collocated with the informational data of unauthorized owners who can be intruders Data, confidential or not, cannot be completely omitted. Data storage and transmission in plain text Data is located in different jurisdiction venues The data back-up sometimes is performed by third-parties who cannot be trusted Software/ Platform/ Infrastructure Virtual machine multimedia Unrestricted allocation of multimedia in public platform The images cannot be patched due to being non-active Infrastructure Hypervisors Complicated codes of Hypervisors Scalable configurations of the Virtual system and the Hypervisors as per institutional requirements Infrastructure Virtual Network vulnerability The sharing service of the bridges by the Virtual machines Infrastructure Table: - Vulnerabilities of the Cloud Computing Technology The data storage and virtualization are the prime areas, which are susceptible to severe attacks. Threats in the Cloud Computing Technology:- Threats Discussion Layer specification Scavenging of data Until the destruction of the platform, some data cannot be completely omitted irrespective of their confidentiality and hence may succumb to recovery attacks. Software/ Platform/ Infrastructure Hijacking of service An account stealth is characterized by accessing the authorized users credentials by the intruder to modify or manipulate data to perform malicious operations Software/ Platform/ Infrastructure Denial of Service The system fails to grant service or privileges to the authorized users as the malicious attacker uses the available resources Software/ Platform/ Infrastructure Leakage of data During transmission, data can fall into the malicious boundaries Software/ Platform/ Infrastructure Manipulation of the clients data The web applications are invaded by sending manipulated data to the server. Examples are Cross-site scripts, SQL injection, injection of commands, etc. Software VM hopping and escape Escape provokes the hypervisor to control the underlying platform, and hopping refers to the access gain to another VM from one VM. Infrastructure Creation of unauthorized VM An intruder with a valid fake account creates a malicious multimedia file Infrastructure Unprotected migration of VM The intruder can access the data illegally in the time of migration Transfer of the VM to an unauthorized host server Migrate or create multiple VMs thus resulting in the disruption of service or DoS Infrastructure Virtual Network spoofing The malicious intruders VM can eavesdrop the virtual network operations and spoof packets to unintended or malicious VMs Infrastructure Table: - Threats in Cloud Computing Technology The security and privacy threats mitigation techniques: - Threat Vulnerability Description Counter-technique Hijacking of service Unprotected interface and API The victims account is used to access the target Identity management and guidance Dynamic Credential technique Data scavenging Data vulnerability Data from disks are not completely deleted Specification of deletion strategies in the SLAs Data Leaks Virtual machine and network migrations The attacker gets confidential information Encryption and Digital Signatures FRS techniques DoS Unprotected interface and API and Data vulnerability The attacker requests extension in the computational resource Limitation to resource allocation Manipulation of Clients data Unprotected interface and API Destruction of websites at times Web application scanning techniques VM escape Hypervisor Vulnerability Security breaches in the Virtual Machines Mirage Creation of false VM Virtual machine multimedia vulnerability VM image containing malware Mirage Spoofing Virtual networks Virtual network vulnerability Spoof the virtual networks Xen network mode Table: - Security countermeasures in Cloud Computing Technology Guidelines to the Security management techniques: - Identity management guidance: - The service provided by the Cloud Service Alliance assesses the identities and manages effectively the access according to the authorized identities. Dynamic credentials: - It is an algorithm to change the value of the user's location change and after the transfer of several packets. FRS technique: - The fragmentation redundancy and scattering technique securely store data by dividing it into fragments and scattering them across the entire network, thus not assigning complete importance to the fragmented information. Digital signatures: - The data to be transmitted is encrypted with these and recognized again at the authorized receptor side, adhering to certain algorithms. Encryption: - This technique is developed to secure the sensitive information with the help of camouflage algorithms, and the data can be recovered adhering to certain decryption algorithms. Web Application Scanning technique: - The web apps are susceptible to attacks due to public delivery. The program scans the websites form the front end to indicate the areas of attack. Besides, the Web Application Firewalls scans the web traffic to identify the attacks. HyperSafe protocol: - The approach integrates the hypervisor flow of control. It successfully prevents attacks such as Hypervisor code modification, code injection, page table modification and return table tampering. TCCP: - The trusted cloud computing platform secures the environment for the Virtual Machines. Other techniques like this are Privacy CA, Direct Anonymous Attestation, etc. Mirage: - The virtual machine layer security technique comprises the techniques namely access control design, filtering image, tracking provenance, and maintain the repository services. It secures the image management in the virtual machine environment. Xen: Virtual network security: - It has bridged as well as routed communication methods for secure virtual network communication. It has three prime layers namely Firewall, shared network and routing layers. Conclusion: - Though cloud computing technique facilitates the company with an overall virtual management of the telemedicine and the nursing institution fields, it also involves several security and privacy breach issues, which need to be countered with the utmost attention. The data storage and hosting, web applications the machine virtual and network have carefully scanned to identify the security issues, and solutions have also been offered to counter these problems. However, the solutions are getting advanced day-by-day, and the information security management needs to be managed efficiently. References: - Adhikari, R., Richards, D. and Scott, K., 2014. Security and privacy issues related to the use of mobile health apps. ACIS. Ashktorab, V. and Taghizadeh, S.R., 2012. Security threats and countermeasures in cloud computing.International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering Management (IJAIEM),1(2), pp.234-245. Ben Arfa Rabai, L., Rjaibi, N. and Ben Aissa, A., 2012, July. Quantifying security threats for E-learning systems. InEducation and e-Learning Innovations (ICEELI), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Cao, N., Yu, S., Yang, Z., Lou, W. and Hou, Y.T., 2012, March. Lt codes-based secure and reliable cloud storage service. InINFOCOM, 2012 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 693-701). IEEE. Chau, M., Wong, A., Wang, M., Lai, S., Chan, K.W., Li, T.M., Chu, D., Chan, I.K. and Sung, W.K., 2013. Using 3D virtual environments to facilitate students in constructivist learning.Decision Support Systems,56, pp.115-121. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Disterer, G., 2013. ISO/IEC 27000, 27001 and 27002 for information security management. Eren, H., Webster, J.G., Fruhling, A.L., Raman, S. and McGrath, S., 2015. The Handbook of Electronic Medicine, Electronic Heath, Telemedicine, Telehealth and Mobile Health. Garingo, A., Friedlich, P., Tesoriero, L., Patil, S., Jackson, P. and Seri, I., 2012. The use of mobile robotic telemedicine technology in the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of Perinatology,32(1), pp.55-63. Hashizume, K., Rosado, D.G., Fernndez-Medina, E. and Fernandez, E.B., 2013. An analysis of security issues for cloud computing.Journal of Internet Services and Applications,4(1), pp.1-13. Kvedar, J., Coye, M.J. and Everett, W., 2014. Connected health: a review of technologies and strategies to improve patient care with telemedicine and telehealth.Health Affairs,33(2), pp.194-199. Levy, Y., Ramim, M.M. and Hackney, R.A., 2013. Assessing ethical severity of e-learning systems security attacks.Journal of Computer Information Systems,53(3), pp.75-84. Luo, Z.Y. and Qin, Z.W., 2015, May. Research on building multi-campus adult education platform model based on VPN technology. InElectronic Engineering and Information Science: Proceedings of the International Conference of Electronic Engineering and Information Science 2015 (ICEEIS 2015), January 17-18, 2015, Harbin, China(p. 215). CRC Press. Mansuri, A.M., Verma, M., and Laxkar, P., 2014. The benefit of Cloud Computing for Educational Institutions and Online Marketing.Information Security and Computer Fraud,2(1), pp.5-9. Miguel, J., Caball, S., Xhafa, F. and Prieto, J., 2014, May. Security in Online Learning Assessment Towards an Effective Trustworthiness Approach to Support E-Learning Teams. InAdvanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), 2014 IEEE 28th International Conference on(pp. 123-130). IEEE.

Account Information Systems Boston Pearson â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Account Information Systems Boston Pearson? Answer: Introducation When the Activities like Sales made by the company, inventory, working capital to finance daily operations, trade receivables completed in a period it is called as Revenue Cycle. Revenue cycle starts from considering the need of customers and making products according to them and sells those products in the form of cash or credit and records these transactions in the books of accounts (Romney Steinbart, 2012). (i) Motherboards and More Pty ltd suffering from various Deficiencies in internal control system and the some of the deficiencies are listed below: Inadequate Risk Assessment Procedures: Procedures made for assessing the risk is inadequate and the management failed to identify the risks which affects the daily operations of the company. Failed to Identify the Collusion among the Employees: Internal controls of the company are completely failed in identifying the conspiracy between the employees and the members of staff (Marinovic, 2013). Key Business Cycles not properly Defined: Managers and Owners failed in making the effective policies and procedures and the policies is not defined in written and various important cycles are not made by the company which affects the operations of the company. (ii) Impact of internal control weaknesses on the organizations: Internal Controls are the process derived by the management to provide a reasonable assurance that the daily operations of the company is achieved with the efficiency and effectiveness and complies with the provisions of law and follow necessary regulations. If the internal controls of the company are very weak then it will fall out in the near future (Badara Saidin, 2013). Weakness in the internal controls made companies vulnerable to the risk. Some of the risks are making unauthorized accounting and taxable transactions, manipulation of financial and accounting records and inconsistent applications of accounting policies. Weakness in the internal control system leads to conflict of interest between the employees and management and the possible risks affect the productivity of the company and interest of the users of financial statement will not be protected. (iii) Specific Internal Controls implemented to mitigate the risk in the organizations: Increase Oversight: Various Monitoring devices will be installed in the entire organization to find any suspicious activity and it will be removed by using various devices like camera installed in the place of work. Give Incentive to those who report for Suspicious Activity: If any employee or member of staff reports for any suspicious activity and the information provided by him leads to any fraud then he will be rewarded with a incentive. This will encourage other employees and the chances of fraud in the company will decrease. Educate Employees by providing Required Training: A complete training related to the operations of the company will be provided to the employees which will prevent the employees to making any unintentional errors (Vijayakumar Nagaraja, 2012). Financial Data Checked by the Third Party: financial data prepared by the company will be checked by the third party like an audit team who will give his opinion and report the necessary matters in his audit report. Conduct Detailed Risk Assessment: The management of the company and those charged with governance should make a complete analysis of the risk and make procedures to reduce the extent of the risk. A detailed risk assessment should made by the company to mitigate the risk. Protect Petty Cash funds and other cash funds: Mainly defaults and frauds will come into the cash account the management of the company made a detailed procedure to protect the cash funds and the cash fund should be reconcile at the end of every week if possible. Avoid Related Party Transactions: Related party transactions should be avoided by the management of the company to protect the conflict of interest between the top management (Reginato, et.al., 2011). These changes in internal controls should help the company in minimizing their risk and increase the productivity of the organization. The famous Attack which affects the data of million computers was happened in May 2017 which is known as WannaCry Ransomware attack. It is a cryptoworm made to affects the workings of the computers and it enters into the computer through the same network and encrypt the important files in the computer and demand a ransom number of payment in exchange of decrypting these files. It first affects the computers which is operated on Microsoft windows and not updated and do not have a security patch. Bitcoin is the currency in which they demand payment for decrypting the files (Hathaway, et. al., 2012). More than 1millions companies are affected from this attack across all over the world. In the modern period the number of cyber-attacks has rapidly increased and to prevent the company from these attacks various controls should be implemented by the management of Motherboards and More Pty ltd and these are listed below: Dont click on email links and attachments: when the warning is given to not to click on the email links and attachments which harms the data of the company then it should be avoided by the employees and management of the company. Use a hardware based firewall: All the computers of the company should use hardware based firewall which will mitigate the threats posed by the company. Disable Autorun: when any devices attached in the system it runs automatically and sometimes worms comes through when any devices attached in the system. Management of the company should disable the function of Autorun which should decrease the possibility of cyber-attack. Install Antiviruses in all the system of the company: Various security applications available on the internet. Company has to purchase one of these antiviruses to protect the data of the company. Some of the best software available in the market are Norton360, Quickheal total security, Kaspersky,etc. Data Backups should be made at regular intervals: Backup of the financial data of the company should be made at regular intervals and the data backup should be store offline in case of any cyber-attack (Kotenko and Chechulin, 2013). Authentication reduces to less number of peoples: Authentication to financial data of the company should remain to the less number of people so the important information about the company should not spread everywhere. References Badara, M. A. S., Saidin, S. Z. (2013). Impact of the effective internal control system on the internal audit effectiveness at local government level. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4(1), 16-23. Hathaway, O. A., Crootof, R., Levitz, P., Nix, H., Nowlan, A., Perdue, W., Spiegel, J. (2012). The law of cyber-attack. California Law Review, 817-885. Kotenko, I. and Chechulin, A., 2013, June. A cyber attack modeling and impact assessment framework. In Cyber Conflict (CyCon), 2013 5th International Conference on (pp. 1-24). IEEE. Marinovic, I. (2013). Internal control system, earnings quality, and the dynamics of financial reporting. The RAND Journal of Economics, 44(1), 145-167. Reginato, E., Paglietti, P., Fadda, I. (2011). Formal or substantial innovation: enquiring the internal control system reform in the italian local government. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(6), 3. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012). Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Vijayakumar, A. N., Nagaraja, N. (2012). Internal Control Systems: Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Risk Management at Public Sector Enterprises. BVIMR Management Edge, 5(1).